Plain-English definitions for the local SEO and AI search terms local business owners actually need to know. 25 terms.
AggregateRating
A schema.org type that summarizes review scores for a business or product.
AggregateRating is a schema.org type that summarizes the average rating and review count for a business, product, service, or organization. To comply with Google's structured data guidelines, AggregateRating must be tied to verifiable reviews from a legitimate source — typically a Service or Product, not the Organization itself. Self-attributed AggregateRating without underlying Review entities can trigger Google manual actions.
AI Crawler
A bot that crawls the web specifically to train or power AI search engines.
AI crawlers are automated bots that fetch web pages for the purpose of training AI models or providing live AI search results. Common AI crawlers include GPTBot (OpenAI training), ChatGPT-User and OAI-SearchBot (ChatGPT live retrieval), ClaudeBot and anthropic-ai (Anthropic), PerplexityBot (Perplexity), Google-Extended (Google AI), Applebot-Extended (Apple Intelligence), Bytespider (ByteDance), and Meta-ExternalAgent (Meta AI). They can be allowed or blocked via robots.txt.
AI Visibility
How likely AI search engines are to surface a business in their answers.
AI visibility is a measurable score representing how often and how prominently a business is referenced by AI search engines when relevant queries are asked. It depends on training data exposure, live web crawl access, schema markup, entity recognition strength, review presence across multiple platforms, and the quality of structured content on the business website.
Backlink
A hyperlink from one website to another.
A backlink is a hyperlink from one website to another. Backlinks remain a foundational SEO ranking signal — Google interprets them as votes of credibility from one site to another. Quality matters more than quantity: a backlink from a respected industry publication outweighs hundreds of low-quality links. Backlinks also contribute indirectly to GEO by strengthening entity recognition.
ChatGPT Search
OpenAI's live web search capability inside ChatGPT.
ChatGPT Search is OpenAI's feature that lets ChatGPT retrieve live web results to answer user queries with up-to-date information and source citations. It is powered by OpenAI's SearchGPT technology and uses a dedicated crawler (OAI-SearchBot) to discover and index content. Being cited by ChatGPT Search drives high-intent traffic and is a primary GEO target.
Citation
A mention of a business name, address, or phone on a third-party website.
In local SEO, a citation is any online mention of a business — typically including some combination of the name, address, and phone. Citations come from business directories (Yelp, Yellow Pages, BBB), industry directories (Angi, Avvo, Healthgrades), local newspapers, chambers of commerce, and partner websites. Volume and consistency of citations strengthen entity recognition for both Google and AI search engines.
E-E-A-T
Google's quality signals: Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness.
E-E-A-T is a framework Google quality raters use to evaluate the credibility of web content. It stands for Experience (first-hand involvement with the topic), Expertise (subject-matter knowledge and credentials), Authoritativeness (recognition by peers and external sources), and Trustworthiness (accuracy, transparency, and safety). E-E-A-T is not a direct ranking factor but it informs the systems Google uses to rank content, and AI search engines apply similar heuristics.
Entity Recognition
How well an AI or search engine identifies a business as a known, distinct entity.
Entity recognition is the process by which a search engine or AI model identifies a business, person, or place as a coherent entity across the web. Strong entity recognition requires consistent business identification (name, address, services) across many credible sources — directories, Wikipedia, news mentions, social profiles. The stronger the entity, the more likely an AI is to recommend or cite the business by name.
FAQPage Schema
Structured data that marks up question-and-answer content for AI extraction.
FAQPage schema is a schema.org type used to mark up content structured as questions and answers. When implemented correctly, FAQPage schema makes content highly extractable by AI search engines and was historically eligible for FAQ rich results in Google. FAQPage schema correlates strongly with AI Overview appearances and ChatGPT citations.
Featured Snippet
A direct answer extracted by Google and shown above the regular search results.
A Featured Snippet is a block at the top of a Google search results page that directly answers the user's question, extracted from a webpage. It contains a short text answer plus the source URL and title. Earning Featured Snippets requires structured, directly-answering content and is closely related to the content patterns AI search engines reward for citations.
GEO (Generative Engine Optimization)
Optimizing content to be cited and recommended by AI search engines.
GEO is the practice of structuring web content so that AI-powered search tools — ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews, Gemini, Bing Copilot — cite, mention, or recommend the business in their generated answers. Where SEO ranks ten links and lets the user choose, GEO determines whether the AI mentions you at all. The discipline emerged in 2023–2024 alongside the rise of large language model search interfaces.
Google AI Overview
AI-generated summaries that appear at the top of Google search results.
Google AI Overviews, formerly Search Generative Experience (SGE), are AI-generated summary answers that appear at the top of certain Google search results pages. They synthesize information from multiple cited sources and can push traditional blue-link results down. Appearing in AI Overviews — or being a cited source — is a major GEO objective.
Google Business Profile (GBP)
A free Google listing that controls how a business appears in Google Search and Maps.
Google Business Profile, formerly Google My Business, is a free Google product that lets a business control its appearance in Google Search and Google Maps. A complete GBP includes the business name, primary and secondary categories, address, hours, phone, website, photos, services, products, and Q&A. For local businesses, GBP is typically the single largest local SEO ranking lever.
HowTo Schema
Structured data that describes a sequence of steps to accomplish a task.
HowTo schema is a schema.org type that marks up step-by-step instructions, including step name, text, image, total time, and required tools or supplies. HowTo schema is well-suited for tutorials, action plans, and procedural content, and helps AI engines surface specific steps in response to "how to" queries.
Knowledge Graph
Google's database of entities, facts, and relationships used to power rich features.
The Google Knowledge Graph is Google's structured database of real-world entities — people, places, businesses, products — and their relationships. It powers Google's Knowledge Panels, rich results, and feeds into Google's AI Overviews. Earning a Knowledge Graph entity for a business is a significant GEO milestone and typically requires multiple credible sources confirming the entity's existence.
llms.txt
A proposed standard file that helps AI systems understand a website.
llms.txt is an emerging standard, similar in spirit to robots.txt, that provides AI language models with a structured summary of a website — its purpose, key pages, business identity, and licensing preferences. llms.txt files are placed at the root of a domain (e.g., digitalwhale.dev/llms.txt) and read by AI crawlers building knowledge of the site. Adoption is growing among GEO-focused websites.
Local Pack (Map Pack)
The boxed group of three local business listings shown on a Google search results page.
The Local Pack, sometimes called the Map Pack or 3-Pack, is the prominent boxed result on a Google search results page that displays three local businesses with a map, ratings, hours, and contact info. It typically appears for queries with local intent ("plumber near me", "best pizza in Aventura"). Ranking in the Local Pack drives the majority of local clicks and calls.
Local SEO
Optimizing a business to rank for location-based searches.
Local SEO is the practice of optimizing a business to appear in geographic search results — the Google local pack, Google Maps, and "near me" queries. It combines on-page optimization, Google Business Profile management, citation building, review acquisition, and local content. Local SEO is the dominant channel for service businesses where customers find providers through search rather than through a storefront.
LocalBusiness Schema
A schema.org type that describes a brick-and-mortar or service-area business.
LocalBusiness is a schema.org type used to describe a physical or service-area business with attributes like address, hours, phone, geo coordinates, payment methods, and price range. Subtypes — Restaurant, MedicalBusiness, HomeAndConstructionBusiness, AutomotiveBusiness — provide additional industry-specific properties. LocalBusiness schema is the foundational structured data type for local SEO.
NAP (Name, Address, Phone)
The trio of business identifiers that must stay consistent across the web.
NAP refers to the Name, Address, and Phone number of a business. Consistency of NAP across every website, directory, and review platform — Google Business Profile, Yelp, Bing Places, Facebook, Apple Maps, and trade-specific directories — is a core local SEO ranking signal. NAP inconsistency suggests to search engines that a business is not real or not maintained.
Perplexity
An AI-powered search engine that returns synthesized answers with cited sources.
Perplexity is an AI-powered search engine launched in 2022 that returns conversational answers with inline source citations. It uses a dedicated crawler (PerplexityBot) and is one of the fastest-growing AI search platforms. Unlike Google, Perplexity surfaces only a small number of sources per answer, making source selection particularly important for GEO.
Schema Markup
Structured data added to a webpage to help search engines and AI understand its content.
Schema markup, also called structured data, is code embedded in a webpage that uses the schema.org vocabulary to describe the content in a machine-readable format. Common formats include JSON-LD (preferred), Microdata, and RDFa. Schema markup unlocks rich results in Google, makes content easier for AI engines to extract and cite, and is a foundational requirement for both SEO and GEO.
SERP
Search Engine Results Page — what Google or Bing returns for a query.
SERP stands for Search Engine Results Page — the page returned by a search engine in response to a user query. Modern SERPs include traditional ten blue links plus a growing collection of "SERP features": AI Overviews, Featured Snippets, Local Packs, Knowledge Panels, People Also Ask, video carousels, image results, and shopping results. Optimizing for the modern SERP means optimizing for both rankings and feature appearances.
Service Area Page
A dedicated webpage targeting a specific city or neighborhood served by a business.
A service area page is a unique webpage on a service business website targeting one specific geographic area — typically a city, neighborhood, or ZIP code. Each page should include the location name in the title and H1, locally specific content, project photos from the area, and a clear call to action. Service area pages are one of the highest-impact local SEO assets for businesses serving multiple geographies.
Speakable Schema
A schema property that flags content suitable for voice assistants.
Speakable is a schema.org property used within FAQPage, Article, and WebPage schema types to identify which sections of a page are suited for audio playback by voice assistants. Speakable uses CSS selectors or XPath to mark the relevant elements. It is increasingly relevant for Google Assistant, Alexa, and AI assistants that read responses aloud.